Introduction to IoT

Basic Concepts of networking- Components of Network, Different Network layers, LAN, MAN, WAN, Concept

of protocol, Bluetooth, ZigBee, WiFi. Concept of Internet of Things- Definitions of IoT, Overview,

Characteristics of IoT, Origination of the term IoT, History of IoT, Functional Components of IoT, IoT

Architecture, Different protocols of IoT, Potential and Challenges of IoT, Brief discussion of some real life

applications of IoT, security issues related with IoT, Concept of IoE, Comparison between IoT and IoE. 

 

 

 Overview of Networking

1. Components of a network

2. Topology physical design of a network

3. Types of Network

4. OSI layers

Components related to data communications

Sender

Receiver

Media

Protocol

Message

TCP/IP Layer VS OSI Layer

Protocols used in Different Layers

 

Topology

 

 

Network topology is the arrangement of the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a  communication network. ... A wide variety of

physical topologies have been used in LANs, including ring, bus, mesh and star. Conversely, mapping the data flow between the components determines the logical topology of the network.

Type of Topology

Mesh Topology

A mesh network is a local network topology in which the infrastructure nodes connect directly, dynamically and non-hierarchically to as many other nodes as possible and cooperate with one another to efficiently route data from/to clients. 

 

 

Star Topology

 

A star topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which all nodes are

individually connected to a central connection

point, like a hub or a switch.

 

 

Bus Topology

 

A bus topology is a topology for a Local

Area Network (LAN) in which all the nodes

are connected to a single cable. The cable to which the nodes connect is called a "backbone".

 

 

Ring Topology

 

Ring topology is a network configuration in

which device connections create a circular data path.

Each networked device is connected to two others, like points on a circle.

Frequently asked questions

 

What is Networking?

Write down the components of Data

Communication?

What is topology?

Describe different type of topology 

 

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Bluetooth

 

Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances using short-wavelength UHF radio

waves in the industrial, scientific and medical radio bands, from 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz, and building personal area networks (PANs).

 

 

Why the name Bluetooth?

 

The story behind the name Bluetooth!

The word was borrowed from the 10th century,second King of Denmark, King Harald Bluetooth. He brought together Scandinavia and played a major role in uniting Denmark and Norway as also in the introduction of

Christianity in Denmark. And Bluetooth technology, as you now know, enables data transfer through integration of multiple devices.

It ‘brings together’ various devices and helps them communicate. And hence the name Bluetooth.

 

 v>

When Bluetooth was

started?

 

In 1998, the companies Ericsson, IBM, Nokia and Toshiba formed the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) which published the 1st version in 1999.

The first version was 1.2 standard with a data rate speed of 1Mbps

 

 

Features of Bluetooth

✔ Through Bluetooth we can transfer data at a rate of 720 KBPS

✔ Bluetooth has a range 10 to 100 meters

✔ It works using short range radio waves

✔ Builds through Personal Area Network(PAN)

✔ It uses piconet

 

 Use of Bluetooth

 

How Bluetooth works?

 

Bluetooth use Piconet , where minimum 2 and

Maximum 8 devices can be connected together 

 

❑ It uses Master Slave Approach

 

 

How Bluetooth works?

 

Bluetooth Specifications

Bluetooth Specifications:

•Core Specifications : It defifines the Bluetooth protocol stack and the requirements for testing and qualifification of Bluetooth-based products.

•The profifiles specifification: It defifines usage models that provide detailed information about how to use the Bluetooth protocol for various types of applications

 

Bluetooth Specifications

 

Radio 

Baseband Layer 

 

Link Manager Protocol 

 

Logical Link Control and Adaptation

Protocol (L2CAP)

 

Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)

 

 

Advantage of Bluetooth

•It avoids interference from other wireless devices.

•It has lower power consumption.

•It is easily upgradeable.

•It has range better than Infrared communication.

•The Bluetooth is used for voice and data transfer.

•Bluetooth devices are available at very cheap cost.

•No line of sight hence can connect through any

obstacles

 

 

Disadvantage of Bluetooth

•It can lose connection in certain conditions.

•It has low bandwidth as compared to Wi-Fi.

•It allows only short range communication between devices.

•Security is a very key aspect as it can be hacked.

 

 

Zigbee

Zigbee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power , Low cost wireless connection made for Internet of Things and Machine to Machine Network.

 

 

Features of Zigbee

❑ Low Cost

❑ Low Power

❑ Low Data Rate

❑ It is an open standard

❑ Used specially for IoT as well as Machine to Machine network

❑ provides a stable, high efficient networking using low data transfer rates 

 

 

Zigbee Architecture

Internet of Things

The Internet of things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring

human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction

 

Frequently asked questions

 

What is piconet?

How does Bluetooth work?

What are the advantages and disadvantages

of using Bluetooth?

Write a short note on Zigbee? 

 

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SOME REAL LIFE APPLICATIONS OF IOT: WHAT IS SMART HEALTHCARE, ROLE OF IOT IN SMART HEALTHCARE, CASE STUDIES ON SMART HEALTHCARE, SMART CITY PROJECT USING IOT ,CONCEPT OF SMART METERING, CASE STUDY ABOUT SMART METER, SMART SURVEILLANCE PROJECT AND HOME AUTOMATION USING IOT- CASE STUDY, IOT IN  AGRICULTURE –

ROLE OF IOT IN AGRICULTURE,  POTENTIAL AND ISSUES, BRIEF

IDEA ABOUT SOME REAL LIFE PROJECTS ON IOT IN AGRICULTURE.

 

 

 

SMART HEALTHCARE

 

 

SMART HEALTHCARE USES A NEW GENERATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES, SUCH AS THE INTERNET OF THINGS (LOT), BIG DATA, CLOUD COMPUTING, AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, TO TRANSFORM THE

TRADITIONAL MEDICAL SYSTEM IN AN ALL-ROUND WAY, MAKING HEALTHCARE MORE EFFICIENT, MORE CONVENIENT, AND MORE PERSONALIZED

 

 

ROLE OF IOT IN SMART HEALTHCARE 

 

IOT CAN AUTOMATE PATIENT CARE WORKFLOW WITH THE HELP OF HEALTHCARE MOBILITY SOLUTION AND OTHER NEW TECHNOLOGIES, AND NEXT-GEN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES.

 

SMART CITY PROJECT USING IOT 

 

SMART METERING

 

HOME AUTOMATION USING IOT

1. Hardware

2. Software/Apps

3. Communication protocols

 

IOT IN AGRICULTURE

 

In IoT-based smart farming, a system is built for monitoring the crop field with the help of sensors (light, humidity, temperature, soil moisture, etc.) and automating the irrigation system. The farmers

can monitor the field conditions from anywhere.

 

APPLICATIONS OF IOT IN AGRICULTURE

 

 

1. Precision Farming

2. Agricultural Drones

3. Livestock Monitoring

4. Smart Greenhouses

 

 

REAL LIFE PROJECTS ON IOT IN AGRICULTURE

 

 

 IoT in Wastewater Management

REAL LIFE PROJECTS ON IOT IN AGRICULTURE 

 

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 #1st one:
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
# we are import the library, which will telling python interpreter how to work with raspberry PI GPIO pins
import time

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
# This will inform on how pin numbering on breadboard to be used
# General purpose Ip/Op = GPIO

GPIO.setup(7,GPIO.out)
# we are setting GPIO pin 7 as an output pin

GPIO.output(7,GPIO.HIGH)
# #  Setting the GPIO pin7 to HIGH
# GPIO.output(7,true)
# Setting the GPIO pin 7 as true will make the GPIO pin 7 to high

time.sleep(5)
#  Setting the duration to 5 sec to flip the LED lit

GPIO.output(7,GPIO.LOW)
# Setting the GPIO pin7 to low

GPIO.cleanup()

***********************

# Blinking the LED for 10 times with delay of 5 sec glow 10sec #2nd one

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
# we are import the library, which will telling python interpreter how to work with raspberry PI GPIO pins
import time

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
# This will inform on how pin numbering on breadboard to be used
# General purpose Ip/Op = GPIO

GPIO.setup(7,GPIO.out)
# we are setting GPIO pin 7 as an output pin

for i in range(0,10):
    GPIO.output(7,GPIO.HIGH)
    # #  Setting the GPIO pin7 to HIGH
    # GPIO.output(7,true)
    # Setting the GPIO pin 7 as true will make the GPIO pin 7 to high

    time.sleep(10)
    #  Setting the duration to 5 sec to flip the LED lit

    GPIO.output(7,GPIO.LOW)
    # Setting the GPIO pin7 to low

    time.sleep(5)
    #  Setting the duration to 5 sec to flip the LED off
GPIO.cleanup()

******************

#3rd one
import serial  
#  add serial library for the serial communication

arduino_serial = serial.Serial('com12',9600)
# create serial port abject for arduino serial

# print arduino_serial.readline()
# read the serial dataa and print it as line

print('Enter 1 to on LED and Enter 0 to off LED')

while(True):
    input_data = input("Command plz: ")
    # wait until user enter the data

    print('You entered: ',input_data)

    if input_data==1:
        arduino_serial.write('1') # send 1 to arduino
        print('LED ON')

    elif input_data==0:
        arduino_serial.write('0') # send 0 to arduino
        print('LED OFF')
    else:
        print("Try again, Invalid Input.!!")



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